Athlete recovery-adaptation is crucial to the progress and performance of highly trained athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess peristaltic pulse dynamic compression (PPDC) in reducing short-term pressure-to-pain threshold (PPT) among Olympic Training Center athletes after morning training. Muscular tenderness and stiffness are common symptoms of fatigue and exercise-induced muscle microtrauma and edema. Twenty-four highly trained athletes (men = 12 and women = 12) volunteered to participate in this study. The athletes were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. Pressure-to-pain threshold measurements were conducted with a manual algometer on 3 lower extremity muscles. Experimental group athletes underwent PPDC on both legs through computer-controlled circumferential inflated leggings that used a peristaltic-like pressure pattern from feet to groin. Pressures in each cell were set to factory defaults. Treatment time was 15 minutes. The control group performed the same procedures except that the inflation pump to the leggings was off. The experimental timeline included a morning training session, followed by a PPT pretest, treatment application (PPDC or control), an immediate post-test (PPT), and a delayed post-test (PPT) after the afternoon practice session. Difference score results showed that the experimental group's PPT threshold improved after PPDC treatment immediately and persisted the remainder of the day after afternoon practice. The control group showed no statistical change. We conclude that PPDC is a promising means of accelerating and enhancing recovery after the normal aggressive training that occurs in Olympic and aspiring Olympic athletes.
Elite Pain Pain Factory 3 4
To grasp the difficulty of this moment for America, we must see more clearly the pain involved in economic innovation, the price we would pay for stifling innovation, and the daunting social obstacles that stand in the way of balancing the two.
An economy built upon constant and relatively free innovation is inherently difficult to sustain in a democracy. This is not so much a matter of anti-market ideology as of the painful realities of economic change. Innovation forces change, and the pain involved tends to be felt immediately while the benefits are usually diffuse and harder to perceive in the short term.
That recognition only came in the wake of the events of 2008, and with painful costs. Once the American engine wheezed and collapsed, so did China and the rest of Asia. Interdependence across the Pacific has costs. The empty stretches of land waiting in Langfang and the young Chinese idly roaming the streets there were its symptoms. In November 2008, chilly winds blew across China and the other nations of Asia, most of which faced steep falls in their economies. It was not clear when the American economy might recover. For this factory in Langfang, it was not clear when, if ever, that empty plot of land would be developed. For China and Asia, as the crisis began, there were fears of a sharp contraction of growth, the slamming of gates at export factories gone bust, and millions of workers left unemployed.
Note too that the largest number of anti-dumping cases in the WTO in 2009 are brought against imports from China, and the many complaints against goods from China because of doubts over safety and public health. In 2007, contaminated Chinese pet food was suspected of killing hundreds of US pets, while toymaker Mattel recalled millions of mainland-made products over lead paint concerns. These concerns, substantiated in some cases, point to a larger fear of China and Asia outcompeting America by unfair means. Protectionism has not come down like an iron wall across the world. But globalization and free trade have been knocked back more than once and from more than one source. Rather than a big bang, the ideal of freer trade and the belief that all benefits from interdependence are being killed by a thousand smaller wounds. In this crisis, the negative impression of globalization is gaining ground in the United States. To these Americans, the face of this unkind and unfair globalization looks Asian.
Methods: This study forms part of the MaRooN Health passport, which constitutes a larger and more complete survey covering demographics, lifestyle and behavioural factors and medical history. The survey was distributed to students on Stellenbosch University campus between October 2018 and July 2019. Students completed the survey on an electronic platform, RedCap. Scores range between 0 and 100 with higher scores indicating better perception of health better scores. Sub-categories physical functioning, social functioning, role limitations (physical problems), role limitations (emotional problems), mental health, energy/vitality, pain and general health perception was calculated from the results.
History: _A healthy 22-year-old male presented to the Sports Clinic complaining of lateral left sided foot pain. He was in training for a Half Iron-man event and had countless failed attempts at conservative management over the past 4 months. The pain started gradually within 2 running sessions with no clear mechanism of injury. Initially he consulted his family physician who suspected a stress fracture and referred him for x-rays, which came back clear. He was management non-weightbearing in a moonboot for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, he was still symptomatic and consulted a foot and ankle specialist. His findings were tenderness of the peroneus longus tendon and groove. He was referred for a MRI that also came back clear. His advice was to see a Biokineticist for rehabilitation. Static and dynamic loading patterns were done by a Podiatrist thereafter, who found cavo-varus feet and calcaneus hypermobility. He advised orthotics to help with load distribution. He continued managing his foot with orthotics and rehabilitation, which focused on improving foot contact and loading during running and general hip muscle recruitment. After 4 weeks of rehabilitation, he started with gradual return to running and again experienced pain after 1km. He presented to the Sports Clinic, were findings were no swelling or bruising, hypomobility of SIJ with hip movements on the left and severe gluteus medius spasm. The hypothesis was a glut medius triggerpoint referring laterally into the foot and he was referred to physiotherapy. Previous relevant history includes episodes of recurring ITB syndrome in the past 3 years and one episode of patella tendinopathy and patella femoral pain syndrome, all on the left side. Normal medical and family history and didn't use any medication to manage his symptoms. Physical findings^Generally healthy and active individual
With presentation at the physiotherapy clinic, he had no pain with any functional testing of the lower limb and was able to jog and sprint pain free for about 50m. With hip flexion in standing, the SIJ on the left was not moving inferiorly. With palpation of the lumbar area he had tightness of quadratus lumborum and stiffness of levels L3-S1 centrally and unilaterally to the spine, left more than right.
Outcome: _After 2 physiotherapy sessions, patient was able to run more then 2km painfree and after the 3rd session, was able to complete the Half Iron man 21 km symptom free. He returned to previous level of activity after his 3rd session.
History: A 20-year-old female field hockey player presented with a painful knee post sustaining a multi- structural acute right knee injury after colliding with an opposition. The mechanism was a twist with hyperextension, no pop or tearing sound reported. She experienced immediate pain and was unable to bear weight, which forced her to discontinue playing. Immediate field- side management included ice, compression and immobilisation. The tournament physician examined her and made the diagnosis of lateral collateral ligament sprain (LCL) with lateral posterior meniscus injury, and referred her for further investigation when she returns home. On the first day after injury, the injured knee was swollen, painful and she was unable to straighten the leg. Upon returning home a sports physician was consulted who requested an MRI investigation and orthopaedic surgeon's opinion. The clinical findings of the orthopaedics' examination noted a small effusion, limited range of motion and tested positive for partial posterior collateral ligament (PCL) instability. The MRI confirmed a partial thickness tear of the PCL, bone contusion or impaction fracture of the anterolateral tibial condyles, associated meniscal contusion or flap tear of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. Conservative management was opted, which included immobilization in a brace and referred for physiotherapy. Medical and family history were normal and the athlete was not on chronic medication or using any supplements. Previous sport related injuries includes right hamstring strain (June 2017), concussion (August 2017) and left sided lumbar-sacral back pain (earlier in the year) which all resolved. 2ff7e9595c
Comments